Mentions in ancient liteartureBhim Singh Dahiya states that the Jats find a mention in Mahabharata and other ancient Indian literature. Mahendra Singh Arya etal. believe that the shloka Jat Jhat Sanghate (Sanskrit: जट झट संघाते) in famous Sanskrit scholar Panini's Astadhyayi refers to the Jat people as a federation.
G. C. Dwivedi writes that the Persian Majmal-ut-Tawarikh mentions Jats and Meds as the descendants of Ham, living in Sind on the banks of the river Bahar. S.M. Yunus Jaffery believes that the Jat people have been mentioned in Shāhnāma, a well-known Persian epic.
Ancient Jat kingdoms
Professor K.R. Kanungo writes that when Muhammad bin Qasim invaded Sind, the Kaikan region in Sind was in independent possession of Jats. The first Arab invasions in the region were repelled by the Jats.
According to Thakur Deshraj and Cunningham, the Jats of the Panwar clan ruled Umerkot in Sind prior to Mughal ruler Humayun.
Thakur Deshraj also mentions that the Susthan region in Sindh was ruled by Chandra Ram, a Jat of Hala clan. Chandra Ram lost his kingdom (known as Halakhandi) to the Muslim invaders sent by Muhammad bin Qasim.
There is no information of any important Jat state in a period of two centuries following Kushan rule. However, in the beginning of fifth century, there is evidence of the Jat ruler Maharaja Shalinder ruling from "Shalpur" (the present-day Sialkot); his territory extended from Punjab to Malwa and Rajasthan. This is indicated by the Pali inscription obtained by James Tod from village Kanswa in Kota state in year 1820 AD.
Jat Kingdoms in Medieval India
There were several small Jat states in what is now Rajasthan. The Bikaner region (then known as Jangladesh) in the desert region of Western India was dominated by the Jats. At what period the Jat people established themselves in the Indian desert is not known. By the 4th century they had spread up to Punjab in India. The small Jats in this region were inhabited by Jat clans ruled by their own chiefs and largely governed by their own customary law.
There were several small Jat states in what is now Rajasthan. The Bikaner region (then known as Jangladesh) in the desert region of Western India was dominated by the Jats. At what period the Jat people established themselves in the Indian desert is not known. By the 4th century they had spread up to Punjab in India. The small Jats in this region were inhabited by Jat clans ruled by their own chiefs and largely governed by their own customary law.
Jat states in Rajasthan
There were several small Jat rulers in North India. These included Garhwals of Garhmukteshwar, Kaliramnas (who ruled near Mathura), Khirwars of Brij and Narsinghpur, Nauhwars (who ruled the area surrounding the Noh lake area near Mathura), the Koīls of Kampilgarh (the area that is now Aligarh), the Halas, the Kuntals, the Pachars, the Thenuas, the Toouts, and the Thakureles.
The Jats also dominated the Malwa region, under rulers like Harshavardhana, Shiladitya, Singhavarma, Vishnuvardhan, and Yasodharman.
There were several small Jat rulers in North India. These included Garhwals of Garhmukteshwar, Kaliramnas (who ruled near Mathura), Khirwars of Brij and Narsinghpur, Nauhwars (who ruled the area surrounding the Noh lake area near Mathura), the Koīls of Kampilgarh (the area that is now Aligarh), the Halas, the Kuntals, the Pachars, the Thenuas, the Toouts, and the Thakureles.
The Jats also dominated the Malwa region, under rulers like Harshavardhana, Shiladitya, Singhavarma, Vishnuvardhan, and Yasodharman.
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